A Trip To Space mountain

It was a hot sunny day, when my parents finally took us to Disney World. My brother Bradley, my sister Kylie, and I endlessly asked my parents to show us the Wonderful World of dreams with Mickey Mouse and Snow-white walking by and greeting us as if we were royalty as well. Somehow these fairy tale creatures made us ecstatic without and true presents; such as a new house for my Barbie’s, or a new racing track for my brother’s Hot Wheels. Therefore, my parents thought that Disney World was the best choice for their loving children.However, my parents can ensure anybody that Disney can turn out to be a remarkable place for adults as well as children. Although that trip was all the way back in 2008, none of us could ever forget our experiences at the roller coaster with a mysterious name â€Å"Space Mountain†. As my parents and eldest sister grew tired of the smell of sweet popcorn and them always seeming to wash the ice-cream off Bradley’s bright green shirt , they decided to change the settings. Along with Bradley, Kylie and I pleaded to go to the roller coaster, and, having no other better idea, my father finally had to give up.I thought that my mother would be proud of him. Besides, they always had talked of have never had such an experience before, and thought of having such a ride was quite interesting at least. When we finally arrived at Space Mountain, the feeling of doubt started to crowd my mind. Being as I was only 9 years old, I felt uneasy seeing the all black coaster zip down the track as if it were flying. I tried to convince my parents and siblings to just go back to the cafà © and eat ice cream, but I was the only one up for that. My siblings were too preoccupied over the fascination on this ride to even consider my request.The most excited was Kylie, who voluntarily climbed into the seat as Bradley followed after her. I figured that it was too late to turn back now; I climbed into this â€Å"metal box of death† and awaited my fate. As the workers made their round trips; checking seatbelts, and telling us to enjoy the ride, one old man stopped by and asked me if I was okay. I bit my tongue and nodded with a slight â€Å"yes† coming out of my mouth. At that moment, the only sibling who looked excited was Kylie. Bradley and I both gave the same look as to decide which one this contraption eats up first.I was not entirely sure of anything anymore. The only thing I was sure of what that I could feel my pulse drop into my stomach and my heart rate as is sped up. I was so fearful at the fact that this entire mechanism could stop working at any time. By then I could object to nothing, I closed my eyes and held them as if I were escaping back into a peaceful place with princesses and tea parties. As the ride took off I heard many different forms of both screaming and laughter, but I did not open my mouth for the duration of the whole ride.As the coaster came to a halt, I opened my eyes to se e that the pain and torture was now over. I quickly looked at my brother who had the same expression as I did. Knowing that going on that ride could’ve gone much smoother without us. Looking back on that day in Disney world, I still faintly remember the smell of the â€Å"Magic† in the air (or nearly stale cotton candy). However, a certain thought has always haunted me in decided to go back or not. If I had never gone on Space Mountain would I be afraid of roller coasters today? I guess contemplating will do nothing. I guess until next time, Space Mountain.

Music and Violence: Still a Concern in 2007

Media effects have been a hot topic in United States social history, especially with the newest in technology, which brings video and film to the personal computer and ipod.   However, one of the most long-standing debates does not concern new technology, but an older medium – music.   For nearly five decades, psychologists, scientists and parents have expressed concern that music lyrics could affect listeners and behavior, even violent behavior.   Despite some switch in focus to violent and sexual content in film and internet video, music lyrics still hold concern for their possible contribution to aggressive behavior in the United States and elsewhere. In response to this concern, many public and private investigations have sought to reach some sort of conclusion on the impact that music lyrics may have on aggressive behavior of young people.   The 1982 National Institute of Mental Health report noted that media violence, including violence in music, was a â€Å"serious threat to public health,† and by the 1990s, most research concluded that â€Å"media violence on aggressive and violent behavior was real, causal and significant† (Anderson, et al. This was followed by a Congressional Public Health Summit which consisted of six medical and public health organizations.  Ã‚   Their conclusion delivered as a joint statement of all was that â€Å"entertainment violence can lead to increases in aggressive attitudes, values, and behavior, particularly in children† (Anderson, et al., 2003). These research organizations define aggression as â€Å"any behavior that is intended to harm another person† and can include not only physical aggression, but also sexual aggression, verbal aggression, and indirect aggression.   Particular attention has be revisited on music lyrics with the rise in popularity during the 80s and 90s of the music video. Researcher found that music videos are laden with violence and â€Å"explicit aggressive content† with â€Å"antisocial overtones† (Anderson, et al. 2003).   In fact, a study by However, Waite, Hillbrand, and Foster (1992) found that aggressive behavior in a forensic inpatient ward decreased significantly after MTV (Music Television) was removed from the television offerings. Additionally another group of researchers found that males who listened and viewed violent music videos exhibited a significant increase in â€Å"adversarial sexual beliefs and negative affect† (Peterson and Pfost, 1989).   Additional this group also found that college students who listed to rock music with antisocial themes self-reported a wider range of acceptance for antisocial behaviors. Additional studies also followed test subjects for several years and report that violent music videos can have long term negative and maladaptive effects on young people (Anderson et al, 2003) One performer who has recently fallen under close scrutiny is Marshall Mathers, known to listening fans as Eminem.   Eminem’s character, Slim Shady, appeals to teenagers because her represents the extreme emotions which range from outrage to helplessness that are so common in the lives of adolescents (Doherty, 2000). Eminem is profane, rebellious, determined to be himself, to speak what he takes to be the truth about his emotions and what he sees around him. He's all the more determined to do so if it pisses off authority figures. And in a world largely dominated by modern liberal cant, the best way to outrage adults is to come across as anti-gay, anti-woman, and pro-violence. As Eminem says in â€Å"Criminal,† â€Å"Half the shit I say, I just make it up to make you mad.† Such an attitude speaks directly to adolescent anomie and rebellion (Doherty, 2000). Lyrics such as this draw teens into the world of Slim Shady, identifying with him and adopting his style of dress, attitudes and behaviors. Now, these lyrics are even more damaging, according to Myronda Reuben of WBLX in Mobile, Alabama.   She says that music now holds less hope and fewer positive possibilities in the lyrics:â€Å"Back in the day, when a rapper was talking about ‘the life,’ it was usually about getting out of away from the violence and the streets.   Now the music glorifies it, and there are so many contradictory messages out there† (Hall, 2000). Another example is the phenomenon known as Hip-Hop. Researchers note that these songs target what is known as â€Å"marginalized youth,† which is defined as those that experience the â€Å"most dramatic social pressures† (Violent Music Lyrics Increase Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings 2003)   in life, such as economic, family and behavior issues.   These individuals who listen to rap are more likely to become violent. Hip hop music seems to have the common theme of drug use, alcoholism, Aids, and murder. Thus, results of several experimental studies show that subjects who listened to violent songs were more likely to interpret ambiguous words and phrases as aggressive, and to having â€Å"increased feelings of hostility without provocation or threat†Ã‚   (Violent Music Lyrics Increase Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings 2003). These violent songs with their aggressive thoughts and feelings have daunting implications for real world violence, notes Anderson cited in the aforementioned article: Aggressive thoughts can influence perceptions of ongoing social interactions, coloring them with an aggressive tint. Such aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive response–verbal or physical–than would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory spiral of antisocial exchanges†¦(Violent Music Lyrics Increase Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings 2003). It is easy to see why these concerns are in place when one examines the lyrics from two hip hop songs that have been at the very top of the Billboard charts as cited by Senator Brownback (1998): â€Å"F– home we capture with more hits and slaughter more kids†¦ You know for real the nig– came f–in' sucked my d–†¦ I have nig–z falling like white b in a scary movie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"I'm known in the ghetto for slangin' narcotics†¦ I come up short I'ma bust yo'f–in' lip up Cuz money and murder is the code that I live by Come to ya set and do a muthaf–in' walk-by.† These lyrics from the songs â€Å"Get at Me Dog,† by DMX and â€Å"Come and Get Some† by Master P show the explicit references to killing, racial slurs, sexuality and drugs. Ironically, these chaotic songs are highly organized and effective at targeting youth and maximizing profit, which tends to squelch legislative attempts at censorship.   Scholars have identified some particularly disturbing rap styles:   hustler rap, booty rap, pimp rap, gangsa rap, and don rap – all of which are considered as hardcore rap.   Hustler rap features a bad guy figure who dominates others through force, intimidation and/or seduction. Booty rap applauds sexual shock and nonconformity with titles from the group 2 Life Crew like â€Å"Dick Almighty,† â€Å"Me So Horny,† and â€Å"The Fuck Shop.†Ã‚   Pimp rap focus on money and sex; an example is P Diddy’s song â€Å"It’s All about the Benjamins.†Ã‚   Finally, gangsta rap emphasizes the acceptance of antisocial, often violent, behavior.   For example, NWA’s   (Niggaz Wit Attitude) album Straight Outta Compton offers a written thank you to: â€Å"All the gangsters, dope dealers, criminals, thieves, vandals, villains, thugs, hoodlums, killers, hustlers, baseheads, hypes, winos, bums, arsonists, police, maniacs and bad ass kids for listening to our shit†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lena, 2006). Finally, don rappers (like Master P and Junior M.A.F.I.A.) combine gangsta rap’s emphasis on violence with the pimp rap emphasis on money and sexual dominance (Lena, 2006). These songs do translate into aggressive action.   For example, in the case of Mitch Johnson, the boy who was charged with killing four fellow students and a teacher in Jonesboro, Arkansas, frequently listened to violent rock and rap.   Mrs. Pelley is a junior-high-school teacher there who notes that after the shootings, several students revealed that Mitch had a morbid fascination with this type of music.   Mrs. Pelley discovered in a discussion with her students that while nearly ball of them could recite the violent and aggressive lyrics of songsw by Bone, Thugs-N-Harmony, and Tupac Shakur, nearly none of their parents had any idea about these songs and performers (Brownback, 1998). The tragedy of Columbine is also linked to the music of the controversial Marilyn Manson, primarily because shooter Eric Harris’s website contained frequent laudatory references to the odd performer, and both shooters wore Manson t-shirts and recited his lyrics frequently.   However, many psychologists note that this type of violence hails from an inability to communicate hatred and rage, a characteristic that these lyrics definitely do NOT have (Sanjek, 1999). Violent results from these songs are not limited to school kids.   In fact, one of the newest controversies concerning music lyrics hails from the dancehalls of reggae.   Dancehall reggae lyrics have a long history of aggressive content.   One popular artist is Buju Banton, whose 1992 chart topper called ‘Boom Bye Bye† explicitly urged listeners â€Å"to burn, shoot and pour acid on gay people†Ã‚   (Werde, 2004), and Artist Beenie Man's hit â€Å"Weh Yuh No Fi Do† similarly argues that   gay men should die. Luckily, gay rights activists have been able to convince some of these dancehall sponsors such as Red Stripe Beer and Pepsi, to exert pressure on these performers to tone down their acts.   A group of sponsors did issue a statement to this effect, saying â€Å"that the continued use of violent lyrics could ultimately lead to the decline of our music industry, as well as a social and economic backlash† (Werde, 2004). It’s disappointing to realise that in the 21st century there are still people who want to belittle or frighten other people for their own amusement. Aren't we better than this? Aren't our musicians better than this† (Debbonaire, 2006).   While violence is rarely linked to only one source, certainly the draw of aggressive music lyrics must share in the responsibility for aggressive behavior in youth. Possibly because of the enormous profit to be made by this music and possibly because of the first amendment, which protects speech, these lyrics are allowed onto CDs and on videos.   Despite warnings and labeling movements, any youngster who wants to obtain a CD is likely to be able to.   If not, the most vulgar of these artists perform and release their CDs underground, where they can be copied and spread among these teens. The best defense against song lyrics is parent involvement and participation.   Open discussion will do a lot towards deflecting some of the adverse effects of violence in music.   While song writers will do what makes money and kids will buy what music is hot, adults need to take a stand to ensure that this sad trend does not get any worse. References Anderson, Craig A. (2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 4 (3), 81-100. Brownback, Senator Sam. (1998). The melodies of Mayhem. Policy Review, 92 Debbonaire, T. (2006).   Domestic Violence: Are Song Lyrics Really To Blame?   BBC Radio.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Retrieved 2 June 2007 from http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/onelife/personal/relationships/ hh_songlyrics.shtml Doherty, B. (2000). Bum Rap.   Reason 32 (7) Hall, D. (2000). Violence In Lyrics, Life An Issue For Radio. Billboard 112.27 Lena, J.C. (2006). Social Context and Musical Content of Rap Music, 1979-1995. Social Forces    85.1: 479-495 Peterson, D.L., & Pfost, K.S. (1989). Influence of rock videos on attitudes of violence against women. Psychological Reports   64, 319–322. Sanjek, D. (1999). Paying the Cost to Be the Boss. Popular Music & Society 23 (3), 25-29 Violent Music Lyrics Increase Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings. (2003). Journal for Quality & Participation 26 (2):46-47 Waite, B.M., Hillbrand, M., & Foster, H.G. (1992). Reduction of aggressive behavior after removal of Music Television. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 43, 173–175. Werde, B. (2004). Reggae Boycott. Rolling Stone, 961, November 11.   

Job description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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Intellectual Journal - Essay Example According to the prescription of prayer, any true Muslim should attend to prayers during the prescribed times five times a day. If they fail to follow this prescription, they will surely fall into disbelief. I have observed with admiration Muslims observing the daily prayers as required by the Holy Quran. However, from my understanding of God as being spirit, one of the requirements for His worship is that those who worship Him must do so in spirit. Therefore, according to my view of prayer, it is not the frequency of attendance to the Mosque that counts but rather the state of our spirit, whether it is in harmony with the spirit of God or not. As result, the strict observance of prayer in Islam, somehow conflicts with my understanding that God is everywhere and cannot be contained in a particular place or time. Although, from an ecumenical point of view, such an understanding of the obligations of prayer by Muslims will change the perspective I hold in terms of embracing them at wor k or to attend to their spiritual obligations which ensures harmonious existence in society. In her article What everyone should know about Islam and Muslims, Suzzane Haneef (156) considers Zakah as one of the most fundamental elements of prayer and worship in the Islamic faith. It refers to the acts of Muslim worship by means of his or her wealth through an obligatory form of giving to those in need. As mentioned in the above article, â€Å"Islam proclaims that the true owner of everything is not the human being but God who bestows wealth on people out of His beneficence as He sees fit † (Suzzane Haneef 59). According to this statement, contrary to the wealth perspective of non-Muslims who uphold the view that wealth is as a result of their hard work, the true believer of Muslim acknowledges that all wealth they have is from God. There a Muslim should always be filled with gratitude and be ready to offer part of their wealth to those who lack in society. First and foremost, like many non-Muslims, I certainly do not consider it a spiritual obligation to give to the poor. The Islamic obligation of Zakah is conflicting with the belief I hold, that it is fine for one to be filled with compassion towards those in need, but certainly I consider it not to be obligatory. I have always known that society is divided into social classes and it is their sole responsibility to work towards improving their condition of life. I also would consider giving Zakah as an act that may encourage tendencies of laziness in society. For example, I see poor people sitting on the entrance of Mosques waiting for worshipers to give them bread for the day (Maudoodi 54). In most cases, the worshipers do not offer a long lasting solution to the condition of the poor. As a result reading about Zakah concept in Islamic worship provokes thoughts that tend to view it as something that encourages master slave mentalities in society. My understanding of giving is that it is should come nat urally and in a spontaneous manner from the giver. If giving becomes obligatory, it will reach a time when the giver will get tired of giving. My view of giving is that one should give to a person or place or event that has inspired them. According to Suzzane Haneef’s article titled, What everyone should know about Islam and Muslims, family life is considered one of the most emphasized areas in Islam. The Islamic view of marriage, where social contact between young men and young ladies is discouraged, conflicts with my understanding that every young man and lady has a right to social contacts (Haneef 155). From my point of view I consider it important that young men and women be

Summarize and response (Corporate Economists Are Hot Again) Essay

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Evaluate how the marketing strategy of Google Inc aided to its Article

Evaluate how the marketing strategy of Google Inc aided to its economic rise and sustainability. Where is this success attributed to - Article Example However, the Web of 1996 was considerably different compared to what it is now. Anyone who presently uses a search engine can vouch that the completeness of the index is not the only factor in the quality of search results (Bagdikian, 1997). Junk results many times erase any results that a user is interested in. In fact, as of June 1997, merely one of the top three commercial search engines returned its own search page as a response to its name in the top ten results (Kleinberg, 1998). One of the main reasons of this problem was that the number of documents in the indices had been rising by many levels of magnitude, but the users ability to view documents had not. People only wanted to view the first few tens of results. Due to this, as the collection size increases, tools that have very high precision (number of relevant documents returned, e.g. in the top ten of results) are required. Of course, it was desired that the notion of "relevant" only consisted of the very best documents since there could have been tens of thousands of somewhat relevant documents. This considerable accuracy is significant even at the expense of recall (the total number of relevant documents the system is able to return). Recently, there is considerable optimism that the use of more hypertextual information can assist in improving search and other applications. Specifically, link structure and link text supply plenty of information for deciding relevance judgments and quality filtering (Kleinberg, 1998). Incidentally, Google employs both link structure and anchor text. Another significant design aim was to construct systems that a reasonable number of people could actually employ. Usage was significant to Google because they believe that a considerable number of the most exciting research will require leveraging the huge amount of usage data that is available from modern