Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay - 981 Words

Gender expectation and stereotypes are common in the United States today, although many men and women are working hard to alert them. According to our traditional stereotypes, men are strong and dominant, while women are weak and submissive. There are moments in the person’s life when men do not appreciate their wives and go across their limits. This view sounds a lot like what Henrik Ibsen wrote about in his play, A Doll House. Ibsen presented gender roles through social roles, identity and marriage. This factors affect how the characters in the play are viewed by society. Althouth gender roles have changed over time and males and females have become more equal, a certain label behavior which is accepted by men to women are still exist. Today we live in times of rapid change and of course change of the relationship between men and women’s in all spheres of society. Gender equality an important trend in all around the world in recent years. Gender relation is discussed through the portrayal of struggle of ideological power between the men and the women. Ibsen in 18th century, in his play focuses on social and ideological aspects, through how women are perceived, especially what as reflected through marriage of social values and duties of both men and women. In the play, men are seemingly in the dominant position, they manipulate their power to control the women. As appeared in A Doll House, men are in ideologically and a financially higher position over women,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1823 Words   |  8 PagesA Doll House is a play that was written by Henrik Ibsen in 1879. Nora Helmer is a wife and mother who secretly loaned money to save her husband’s, Torvald, life. Torvald views and treats Nora has a doll and she goes along with it. As conflict comes and goes Nora decides that her current life is not what she wants for herself. She no longer wants to be anyone’s â€Å"doll† and decides to leave her family in search of independence. This play was controversial during the time it was written becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1152 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† addresses the importance of the roles women play throughout this time period. Women are thought to be like â€Å"dolls† to their husbands, by obeying their commands and keeping a good image. We see the main character, Nora Helmer struggle to keep her perfect image of a great wife as troubles start to arise. Throughout the play we begin to see Nora push through her troubles and find her true identity, Nora shifts from being the loving, perfect wife, to being a strongRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House884 Words   |  4 Pagestransform minor lies such as white lies into something more dangerous. When one works to conceal a lie, a cloud of deception hangs over those involved and can lead to the destruction of friendships, relationships, and even marriages. In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, he uses the motif of lies and deception to illustrate the fragileness of the Helmer’s marriage, which ultimately leads to its demise. Nora Helmer, a naà ¯ve woman who has never been given the chance to mature into an independent womanRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House995 Words   |  4 Pagesimagining and guiding the integration of all these elements belongs to the director. One of the toughest tasks of a director is to reinvigorate a socially important and renowned production while maintaining its original message and composition. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House is a socially important realistic play that portrays the gender dynamics that plagued the nineteenth century and questions the expectations held for women in a household and society. The play is still incredibly influential because the issuesRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 851 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsens’s, A Doll House, details the lives of the Helmers, a seemingly perfect couple. As the story progresses from act to act, it becomes quite obvious that their relationship is everything but perfect. Complic ations arise quickly when a forged loan by Nora Helmer is brought to her husband Torvald’s attention. The prejudices women experience, particularly, Nora is a definite tone in this play. Henrick Ibsen does a great job at showing both sides of the oppression of women, particularly withinRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1472 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"A Doll House† Playing many different characters is what Henrik Ibsen’s meant to do in A Doll House. The main characters fool people into believing they are someone other than their true selves. Nora plays her role flawlessly as she pretends to be living two different lives. Nora is Torvalds devoted and self-indulgent wife, but naively enough, she doesn’t realize she is a courageous, self-sufficient women. As the character’s progress so does Nora’s personality, she goesRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 924 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsen once wrote a play called â€Å"A Doll House.† Back in 1879 when the play was written there was lots of controversy on whether are not they play should have been showed. It created lots of arguments because of the time that they play was done (Hemmer). In the time frame that Ibsen wrote his play it was a time where women really had no say. Women would listen to their husbands and do as they say. At the end of the original play Nora, the main character, left her husband and her kids. IbsenRead MoreAn Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House1460 Words   |  6 Pagesopposition to the idea of a female president. Traditionalist opposition has women body shamed into the fixed standard of beauty being the skinny Caucasian blonde. People still look down on women in troubled relationships as being their fault. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House puts into criticism the problems brought by traditionalism though the story between Torvald and Nora. Where Nora has to keep a secret how she saved her husband’s life to save her marriage, because she fears a woman helping a man would shameRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1971 Words   |  8 PagesIn Hendrik Ibsen play â€Å"A Doll House† Nora is a women who had typical women gender role in the 19th century to take care of the children and the home so that she can please her husband while her husband handles all the outs ide business and money as the primary care taker. Nora has always lived with a man that took care of her and told her what to do. Nora completely accepted her expectations and â€Å"conditions of the world in which she live† as Torvald put it, because she never had the opportunity toRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1154 Words   |  5 Pagessacrifice mean? Is it important? Sacrifice can be defined as an act of immolating someone or something. Will one might think it depends on the person to decide on the importance of the sacrifice? In light of this play, â€Å"A Doll House† written realistically by Henrik Ibsen, he has portrayed many symbols throughout the play. One of the many symbols that stood out was sacrifice. Clothing also symbolized some importance in the play and the Tarantella dance as well. However, what exactly is a symbol

Advancements Of The Early Modern Period Medicine - 954 Words

It is difficult to decide whether the developments, inventions and discoveries of the Early Modern Period contributed to European power or whether it contributed to European progress. The reason this is, is because in the case of Europe, especially in this time period, power and progress seemed to go hand in hand. In the case of discovery the countries that had the most power led the way in discovering new land, it was this curiosity in expanding power that led to the progress of new worlds and opportunities. The invention of the printing press contributed to providing knowledge and therefore an aspect of power to people who did not have it beforehand and it was the progress of medicines and sciences that ensured not only the power and ‘superiority’ of European knowledge but also the ability to progress to the next level of knowledge. From the beginnings of the Early Modern Period medicine was essentially summed up in high mortality rates and the notion that men and women were two completely different people anatomically, treatments were largely herbal and the type of doctor you went to see depended on what was wrong with you and if you could afford them . â€Å"Attaining and preserving a state of health, therefore, required balance, and that equilibrium was inherently elusive and easily forfeited† . However, while there was some progress in this field throughout the period it was not as drastic as one would expect, the Galenic body of the four humours was still a dominantShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Medicinal Plant Use Medicinal Plants786 Words   |  4 Pagesin prehistoric times is the use of medicinal plant use (Medicinal Plants, 2016). These early uses likely resulted from a trial and error process with primitive humans. Interestingly, many modern pharmaceutical products resulted from examining the chemi cals and molecules in these early medicines. Early medicine throughout the world tended to focus primarily on spiritual means of healing. Early Western medicine was no exception. One notable example includes the ancient Greek traditions involving theRead MoreThe Use Of Medicinal Plant Use Medicinal Plants996 Words   |  4 Pagesin prehistoric times is the use of medicinal plant use (Medicinal Plants, 2016). These early uses likely resulted from a trial and error process with primitive humans. Interestingly, many modern pharmaceutical products resulted from examining the chemicals and molecules in these early medicines. Early medicine throughout the world tended to focus primarily on spiritual means of healing. Early Western medicine was no exception. One notable example includes the ancient Greek traditions involving theRead MoreHow was the Gupta Empire (India) scientifically advanced? Describes scientific achievements of the time.1594 Words   |  7 Pagesto ignore the influenti al achievements made in the areas of science, medicine, mathematics, and astronomy that made the empire scientifically advanced. Many people fail to realize that countless things mistaken for solely modern-day science, for example, plastic surgery, existed centuries ago. Here, the technologies of the Gupta Empire (320-467), such as the development of a more accurate value for pi, the perfection of the modern numeral and decimal system; surgery, inoculation, the formulation ofRead MoreThe Pioneers Of Ancient Medicine1492 Words   |  6 Pagesart and medicine. The advancements undertaken in the field of medicine by the early greek laid the basis for western medicine in three important ways. These include the first pioneers of western medicine, by establishing medical schools, the treatments created by the early Greeks and the creation of the Hippocratic Oath. The Pioneers of Ancient Greek Medicine The most notable pioneer of Ancient Greek medicine was probably Hippocrates. He is credited as the father of modern medicine and asRead MoreThe Renaissance: The Impact of Traditional Medicine Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesMedicine has become so advanced in the previous centuries that it is a wonder how the medical discoveries of today have been fueled by those made during the Renaissance. As the mindset of those living in Europe during that time changed from religion to self-discovery, medical research began to expand and grow to a more scientific approach. Though several were unable to read, they became more aware of themselves and humanity compared to their earlier religious views on life, causing them to take aRead MoreThe History of Chemistry Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing discovered. Some earlier products discovered from chemical reactions are ceramics, glass, and metals. Dyes and medicines were other early products obtained from natural substances. Some practical app lications that chemistry is used for are to make stronger metals, improve soil, and the developments of live-saving drugs. Modern technology depends highly on these advancements; chemistry is a way of explaining our material world. Many people cant understand the importance of chemistry if theyRead MoreDiseases and Medicinal Treatments of the Tang Dynasty in Ancient China616 Words   |  3 Pages Diseases and their treatments changed and shaped the modern world. The Tang Dynasty of Ancient China had great value to the medicinal fields and led the way for medical technology and advancements that are used today by standardizing the supreme methods, procedures, and treatments during this time period; therefore, they made it less complicated for people to learn and teach how to practice medicine. Areas of medicine that were greatly improved and exceptionally recorded during the Tang DynastyRead More Differentiating the Renaissance Period and Middle Ages Era in Europe1013 Words   |à ‚  5 PagesRenaissance was a unique age or a continuation of the Middle Ages. â€Å"Was the Renaissance a period distinct from the Middle Ages, or was it a continuation?† Par my opinion I feel that the Renaissance was a distinct period of change and prosperity. â€Å"The world is waking out of a long deep sleep†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doc. 5) A.J. Froude finds specific examples that lead him to the understanding that their was distinction between both periods. The Life and Letters of Erasmus say that the church was a corrupt place and there wasRead MoreTheories On The Existence Of Religion1058 Words   |  5 Pagesthen mold this idea into a hypothesis for experimentation. Unfortunately, even in modern times, some things are still unable to be experimented and proven correct or incorrect. This leaves us pondering on our own thoughts and curiosities of suppositions. Philosophical theories on the origin and evolution of religion vary in perspectives and ideas depending on individual views. The majority of theories relevant to modern times are dependent on a psychological, cultural, and social aspect according toRead MoreEssay on Inventions and Discoveries of the 1960’s1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1960’s era was a time period notorious for its technology and innovation. This particular era of time was booming with creativity. People started to venture outside of the traditional mindset established by their elders, and the new generation made a great impact on the American lifestyle. The original models of these creations have been modified into complex designs, yet as we strive for perfection, we still use these revolutionary concepts. Like the 1960’s, modern society uses new novelties

Essay about Sephora Final - 1485 Words

Sephora Direct 1. Assuming she receives the additional funding, how should Bornstein allocate her budget across the various digital categories? Given that the additional funding requested must be shifted from Sephora’s other marketing spending, where would you propose to cut? Why? According to 2010 data, 45% of Sephoras media spending is in retail marketing that includes catalogs, store animations and print followed by 35% in Online marketing that includes search, affiliate and social media and 20% in Beauty Insider marketing that includes mails, gifts and events. The major chunk of media spending goes to traditional retail spending which in my view needs to be cut down. The reason for cutting catalog and print costs is that each day†¦show more content†¦2010 marketing mix was - Print catalogs - Direct mail/ Ads - Emails - Store window merchandizing - Online search advertising - Sales/promotions - Online display advertising Beauty talk was launched in September 2010. As more and more people started shopping online, beauty talk became important. I feel that it was wise to create Beauty Talk as a separate social platform to facebook because it connected the company with its beauty insiders, future customers and its clients. It became a central place where clients could anonymously ask personal questions and get quick response from Sephora experts or other members of the Sephora community. Also with beauty talk, Sephora could recognize its Superusers - people who answered a lot of questions voluntarily. It was built with strong search functionality. It also helped Sephora to save and query responses. People could ask potentially embarrassing questions which would not be possible to be asked on facebook as the real identity of the member would be revealed. Viewers could also search previously posted questions and answers. But it did not get the required response as people found it to be more in-depth and le ss well-understood experience. 3. As Sephora increasingly dabbles with digital marketing and social media, which competitors should the company be most worried about? Sephoras competitors include: a. Departmental stores: Macys andShow MoreRelatedSephor A Retail Chain Of Perfume And Cosmetics Stores Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pages 1. About Sephora Sephora is a retail chain of perfume and cosmetics stores founded in 1969 by Dominique Mandonnaud. It first started as a small perfumery in Limoges, France, called Shop 8 and was revolutionary at that time due to its concept of assisted self-service . The store had an open-sell setting where customers could try the products before they bought them and where the organisation of the products was by type, not by brand as in every other store. In 1993, Mandonnaud bought 38 retailRead MoreSephor A Retail Chain Of Cosmetics And Perfume Stores Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesSephora is a retail chain of cosmetics and perfume stores founded in 1969 by Dominique Mandonnaud. It first started as a small perfumery in Limoges, France, called Shop 8 and was revolutionary at that time due to its concept of assisted self-service . The store had an open-sell setting where customers could try the products before they bought them and where the organization of the products in the store was by type, not by brand as in every other store. In 1993, Mandonnaud bought 38 retail cosmeticsRead MoreMarketing Sephora4083 Words   |  17 Pagesbalance the capabilities and assets of the company with opportunities outside the internal environment of the business. This is a marketing report, which will examine and analyse possibility for the French based chain of cosmetic stores called Sephora to enter UK market. The first part of the report will give a brief overview of the company, which will then be followed by Macro- Environmental Trend analysis of the market. This will be done by means of the application of PESTEL model, which willRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Has Long Gone1347 Words   |  6 Pagesproducts produced and sold under Sephora are a part of Volunteer Architects Network; 2. There exists a partnership between Moà «t Hennessy and Aseema, a not for profit organization in India; 3. Donation from LVMH Group helps for research and care for children at the Robert Debrà © hospital; 4. In France, partnership with â€Å"Nos Quartiers ont des Talents† a non-profit association; (Unglobalcompact.org) Strategic planning: (http://www.slideshare.net/ilario78/lvmh-final-ppt-team-5-16495684) LVMH launchedRead MoreProduct Market Analysis Paper772 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Product Market Analysis Paper March 22, 2015 Nathan Butler Jr. As we wrap our final week in class, we’ve been discussing the proper format on how to promote or advertise whether it’s a sports drink, product, or any items in general. As I reflected over our class discussions, I started to think about some of the products that I felt weren’t receiving the proper marketing tactics and although a few came in mind, I thought about this cleaning product known as Awesome! Awesome Cleaning, which hasRead MoreLvmh : The Flagship Brand2323 Words   |  10 Pagesthough Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton is all luxury and they do have pretty similar brands-Moet and Dom both being Champagne-they still like to have some diversity. They will not take on too many similar brands for the sake of having some diversity. The final organizational strategy that Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SA uses is marketing and distribution. Marketing is a huge part of any companies success and LVMH spares no expense when it comes to letting the public know about the ir product. This includesRead MoreWorld Leader Of Luxury Products1085 Words   |  5 Pagesthe economies of major European communities and uplift their notoriety for being cultural epicenters. Twenty-five percent of LVMH revenue is from the United States, 29% is from Asia, 17% is from Europe, 10% is from France, 7% is from Japan, and the final 12% is from other markets. In 2014, LVMH had a â‚ ¬19,837 million gross margin, and a â‚ ¬6,105 million net profit. Thirty-five percent of the annual revenue of LVMH is from the Fashion Leather Goods division. The rest of the annual revenue is as follows:Read MoreA Study On Oral History Assignment1385 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause of an appealing ad, he answered with an affirm no. Atif though acknowledges that we have become accustomed to filtering these ads out. â€Å"We sit through them, ignoring them, because we have no other way of getting to the content we want.† In his final thoughts, he did emphasize on a few things, which I found vital to note down. â€Å"Advertising can be harmful depending on how it is used, if it is creating a norm around something that is not achievable by a large segment of population then it is creatingRead MoreThe Death Of A Nurse1664 Words   |  7 Pagesfelt protective suddenly. Her dark curls knotted as they drooped wadded, and messy, over her shoulders. She wore no makeup. This was a strangers face, a faded, pale, face Melanie almost couldn’t recognize. Her mother always wore the complete line of Sephora makeup, always. Katherine barely shifted her eyes when Melanie approached her. Melanie softly announced herself by saying, Hi Mom. She waited for a response, nothing. Her mother must not have heard her. Clearing her throat to attempt it again. AlthoughRead MoreJCPenney: Americas Retail Destination Essay2286 Words   |  10 Pagessince January 31 of 2009. In 2009, their selling general and administrat ive expenses were only $5,280,000. Ultimately, that may indicate that from 2009 to 2010 it’s possible that JCPenney’s created job opportunities for people. Capital is the final factor in the production function. Generally, when capital is thought of the term money comes to mind. When dealing with economics, the term capital refers to things such as machinery and equipment that are used in the production of the actual product

What Challenges Face Descriptions Of God - 1568 Words

What challenges face descriptions of God, according to Augustine in Confessions and De Trinitate? Augustine of Hippo is writing at the turn of the 4th and 5th centuries. The two primary texts which we will consider in this essay are both classic expositions of Augustinian theology and philosophy, however the style of writing found in each is rather different. Confessions addresses God directly in the second person, while De Trinitate appeals more to the reader. These are both written by the bishop of Hippo after the ecumenical councils of Nicea (325CE) and Constantinople (381CE) where the Trinitarian doctrine of God was firmly established as well as the divinity of Jesus Christ, hence his teachings on the Trinity aim to explain and†¦show more content†¦However, before he will begin talking of his own life there is prayers of invocation and reflections on the mystery of God s indwelling and being. This serves to situate the writings as a spiritual account of God s work in Augustine s life, rather than a removed biography. Seeing himself as one who abandoned the true relig ion, he wrestles with some fundamental challenges he faces upon reflection - where was God when Augustine was not living a Christian life or does knowledge of God precede or follow from calling upon God? Reading his account of God s being (Confessions, Book I, Chapter IV) one has the sense that this particularly poetic chapter reflects a converted soul s struggle to reconcile paradoxical images of God, which Augustine juxtaposes to convey a sense of mystery. Phrases like my Lord God carry distinctly biblical tones since the Divine Name is often translated Adonai (Lord). There are clearly other biblical influences on the chapter. God is never new, never old, yet making all things new referring to God s eternal nature and Revelation 21:25. However, other descriptions seem to draw on other philosophical traditions. An expression of God reflected Platonic forms is seen as God is most high, best, most powerful even to the extent of being both the furthest and nearest. The idea of the true philosopher seeking the light as if in a darkened cave can

Micro Business Economics Philip Morris

Question: Discuss about the Micro Business Economics by Philip Morris. Answer: (1) Cigarette Advertising The profit (payoff) of Philip Morris = $1 * 4 billion * [AP / (AP + AR)] AP The profit (payoff) of R. J. Reynolds = $1 * 4 billion * [AR / (AP + AR)] AR There are 4 levels of advertising: $200 million, $400 million, $600 million and $800 million. (a) The payoff matrix for this advertising game is: Reynolds Philip $200 million $400 million $600 million $800 million $200 million 1800 , 1800 1133.3 , 2266.7 800 , 2400 600 , 2400 $400 million 2266.67 , 1133.33 1600 , 1600 1200 , 1800 933.33 , 1866.67 $600 million 2400 , 800 1800 , 1200 1400 , 1400 1114.29 , 1485.71 $800 million 2400 , 600 1866.67 , 933.33 1485.71 , 1114.29 1200 , 1200 In the payoff matrix, the first component of each cell represents the payoff of Philip Morris and the second component represents the payoff of R.J. Reynolds. The payoffs are in terms of million dollars. (Varian, 2009) (b) There is only one Nash equilibria in the advertising game. It is when both Philip Morris and R.J. Reynolds are spending $800 million dollar each on advertising. It is the only outcome which is mutually beneficial to both and is hence Nash equilibria. The payoff to each is $1200 million under the Nash Equilibria. (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2009) (c) When it becomes infeasible for the cigarette companies to spend $800 million on advertising due to the government ban, the maximum advertising expense will be $600 million. The resulting payoff matrix is shown as follows: Reynolds Philip $200 million $400 million $600 million $200 million 1800 , 1800 1133.3 , 2266.7 800 , 2400 $400 million 2266.67 , 1133.33 1600 , 1600 1200 , 1800 $600 million 2400 , 800 1800 , 1200 1400 , 1400 The Nash equilibrium in the new advertising game is generated when both Philip Morris and R.J Reynolds spend $600 million on advertising. The payoff to each will be $1400 million. (Varian, 2009) Under the ban, the payoff of both Philip Morris and R.J Reynold is $1400 million. Hence, their payoff is increasing due to the ban. Thus, they are both better off from the ban. References: Pindyck, R. and Rubinfeld, D. (2009). Micreconomics. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Varian, H. (2009). Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach. 8th ed. New York: W. W. Norton Company.

Effective Communication during Delegation-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Effective Communication during delegation in Nursing. Asnwer: Communication is at the heart of the process of delegation. Timely and detailed communication between the delegating RNs and members of the healthcare team is linked to patient health outcomes and quality of care. Miscommunication that occurs between nurses has negative outcomes like medication errors, failure to rescue and even patient falls. Moreover, nurses are held accountable for any outcomes and so they have to communicate effectively during the delegation process as it directly affects patient safety and quality of care. In a research conducted by National Council of State Boards of Nursing, (2016) stated that communication issues are the root cause of deaths that is associated with delays in treatment and giving rise to sentinel events. Communication greatly shapes the process of delegation and patient safety outcomes. The way a delegated nurse explains the patient condition greatly affects the willingness of the team member to respond. Therefore, the following discussion inv olves the importance of effective communication pertinent to new graduate nurses in Australia to ensure patient safety and quality of care. Delegation is multi-faceted that begins with understanding of the practice act for a nurse outlining their legal responsibility, accountability and authority for patient care. It is a core competency for the newly graduate RNs. They have the responsibility to conduct delegation process that requires sophisticated clinical judgment and accountability for patient care. RNs are considered the brokers of resources of patient care (Sonntag et al., 2016). They synthesize data that is collected by nurses in coordinating individualized care, patient safety and addressing the needs of patients and their families by maximizing the available resources. Fresh graduate RNs are new to the clinical environment and often find directing care during delegation quite challenging. Delegation is central to the nursing practice and it is expected that graduate RNs should have the skill, knowledge, judgment and personal attributes in delegating nursing care effectively in the current complex and challengin g environment (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2018). Although, they have passed as RNs, they lack confidence and through teamwork and delegation process, they are able to perform delegation process effectively. It is important to make the new nurses in Australia understand that they are responsible for care needs assessment of patients and know the person whom they are delegating. Through the process of delegation, nurses facilitate patients journey to preferred health outcomes. Therefore, it is important for the new graduate nurses to perform effective delegation for better patient outcomes and ensure safety. Delegation is not only an important skill rather a leadership skill directly affecting patients. According to supervision guidelines for nursing practice under Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) it is stated that delegation should be done for those tasks suitable to the persons role being supervised with their scope of competence, training and supervisee capability (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2018). According to Bach and Grant, (2015) there are five rights of delegation. Firstly, it is a fundamental aspect reflecting the primary commitment of a nurse towards health, welfare and safety of patients. Therefore, it is important for the new graduate nurses to be responsive to patients needs. Secondly, nurses should use their critical thinking skills in making clinical judgments on how to allocate resources to staffs in the delivery of patient care. The needs for care and patient condition must be considered to avoid any kind of harm and evaluate the abilities of the person nel of healthcare team to whom the task is to be delegated. Thirdly, nurses should delegate care aspects that is consistent with competencies and scope of practice of the member to how the task is being delegated. Accountability is important to retain for nurses for patient outcomes while making delegation decisions. The patients plan of care need to be adapted, modified or continued depending upon the evaluation of nurse of the patients condition. The personnel assigned with delegation duties must be responsible for the completion of the delegated task and accountable for safe task performance. Finally, the most important principle is interpersonal relationships or communication essential in the process of delegation (Birks et al., 2016). Communication is the biggest driving factor for effective delegation process. Style of communication greatly influences interpersonal relationships and teamwork. An open, honest and direct communication is a characteristic of good delegation and therefore, the quality of delegation and ability to delegate driven by interpersonal relationships greatly influences the way the task is delegated. This statement supports the fact that the way RN performs delegation influences the responsiveness and performance of personnel who is being delegated to (NMBA code of conduct, 2018). According to Harris (2017), critical thinking skills of nurses are important during the delegation process. As nurses work in complex clinical situations, they need to synthesize information and think in a complex manner making critical decisions about patient care during the process of delegation. The main findings suggested that ineffective communication during delegation could result in poor patient outcomes that influence the quality of care and patient satisfaction. The findings also supported the fact that establishing healthy interpersonal relationships between delegating RN and personnel can help to reduce the chances of omitted or missed routine care that directly affect patient safety. Another study conducted by Hezaveh, Rafii and Seyedfatemi, (2014) stated that novice nurses are unprepared for the delegation process in their professional role that has severe consequences for the healthcare system leading to reduction in patient care quality. The results highlighted that co mmunicative problems are one of the main reasons for ineffective delegation hampering patient safety and care. There are severe consequences of ineffective communication during delegation process. According to Graan et al., (2014) miscommunication results in medical errors that greatly affect patient outcomes. The quality of information is important during delegation and communication should be rightly directed being the cornerstone of delegation and instrumental in shaping safety and quality outcomes. The right communication is defined in a manner where information should be timely communicated between the delegating RN and personnel reducing the likelihood of missed, inappropriate or delayed care that may result in poor outcomes. Newly graduate nurses experience may find it challenging to integrate into the uncertain and challenging hospital environment and make sense of events and conversations made with the healthcare team members. Therefore, they may struggle to work in these complex situations like delegation and there might be breakdown in communication. As a result, there is conveying of insufficient information that can hinder providers ability to deliver care (Hayes et al., 2015). In 2013, a report published by Safety and Quality, Australia, around 440,000 people die every year as a result of medical errors representing third leading cause of death (Hezaveh, Rafii Seyedfatemi, 2014). The Joint Commissions 2012-2013 analysis stated that communication was one of the major leading causes of sentinel events affecting patient safety resulting in permanent harm, death or any other negative outcomes. There are several barriers to communication in nursing during the process of delegation. The first barrier is the poor interpersonal relationships between RN and personnel. Poor interpersonal relationships resist the delegating process that hampers patient safety and quality of care. The second barrier is the attitude of the nurses as attitudinal barriers can result in ineffective delegation. Conflicting attitude among the members of healthcare team create resentment and hamper delegation. There are various sources of conflict like work, age, personality, confusion and dissension. The third barrier is the absence of clear chain of command in delegation. The nurses who delegate have to witness uncertainty in the daily healthcare working environment as they continuously negotiate the boundaries of scope of practice, staff, procedures and policies. The fresh graduate RNs are new to the healthcare working environment and they face conflict between the organizations, staffing and policies of facilities. Hierarchical confusions may cause ineffective delegation that need to be removed (Redley et al., 2017). Several communication theories have been developed in nursing that guide and explain interactions between nurses, patients as well as healthcare professionals. One such theory is Dyadic Interpersonal Communication Model that greatly focuses on interpersonal communications in the therapeutic process. Communication is a two way dynamic and interactive process between two people. The sender and recipient being the encoder and decoder greatly influence the way message being provided and processed. The model greatly highlights the fact that there should be clarity and awareness when the information is being conveyed. The encoder or sender should provide the message and the decoder or recipient should process the information conveyed. Similarly, during delegation, the delegated RN should convey the message in clear and succinct manner so that decoder or receiver is able to understand the message being conveyed (Siegman Pope, 2016). This theory is dynamic and powerful bond between tow coun terparts constantly evolving and intensifying. Furthermore, communication should be intimate between the two people and should anticipate each others behavior. This model helps to improve ones role-play between speaker and listener and there is effective conveying of right information during the process of delegation. Through deepening of dyadic bond, members of the healthcare team can elevate their performance level and anticipate each others style and choices of work. Feedback is also important in this communication model that help to understand that message is propagated effectively to the decoder or receiver. This is important during delegation as it help the delegating nurse to understand that patient information is conveyed effectively to the receiver (Siegman Pope, 2016). The recommendations and strategies for enhancing effective delegation is discussed in the subsequent section. For effective delegation, concepts of delegation should be conveyed to nee graduate RNs in a clear, non-intimidating and safe manner. The delegation nursing tasks should be demonstrated to them that are expected in their new job role. Nurse educators should explain the principles of delegation to the new RNs through stimulation-based learning promoting their confidence and increasing their assessment skills in the delegation process. There should also be increase in interaction of new nurses with the members of healthcare team through didactic instruction through active learning techniques. Effective leadership and management skills employed by nurse educators can help to bridge the gap between knowledge and competency. With these recommendations, RNs transforms from primary care to contemporary care developing the traits of intelligence, integrity, respect, trust and compassion for effective communication (Yoon, Kim Shin, 2016). From the above discussion, it can be concluded that effective communication and way the information is delivered affects delegation process and patient safety. Fresh graduate nurses are new to the environment and face challenges during the delegation process. Lack of understanding about concepts of delegation can result in ineffective communication posing barrier to the delegation process. Dyadic Interpersonal Communication Model explains that communication is a two way process focusing on clarity of information. Nursing educators should focus on these issues and provide learning opportunities to the newly graduate nurses so that it allows them to develop competency and confidence to execute the process of delegation. References Bach, S., Grant, A. (2015).Communication and interpersonal skills in nursing. Learning Matters. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=26yICwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=communication+theory+for+registered+nurses+ots=6N_zmHmlfKsig=rAmwLCmSCkO5XOR6aqhqK1O6Oh0#v=onepageq=communication%20theory%20for%20registered%20nursesf=false Birks, M., Davis, J., Smithson, J., Cant, R. (2016). Registered nurse scope of practice in Australia: an integrative review of the literature.Contemporary nurse,52(5), 522-543. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2016.1238773 Graan, S. M., Botti, M., Wood, B., Redley, B. (2016). Nursing handover from ICU to cardiac ward: Standardised tools to reduce safety risks.Australian Critical Care,29(3), 165-171. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2015.09.002 Harris, M. (2017). Delegation by Registered Nurses.Home healthcare now,35(9), 523-524. DOI: 10.1097/NHH.0000000000000600 Hayes, C., Jackson, D., Davidson, P. M., Power, T. (2015). Medication errors in hospitals: a literature review of disruptions to nursing practice during medication administration.Journal of clinical nursing,24(21-22), 3063-3076. DOI:10.1111/jocn.12944 Hezaveh, M. S., Rafii, F., Seyedfatemi, N. (2014). Novice nurses' experiences of unpreparedness at the beginning of the work.Global journal of health science,6(1), 215. National Council of State Boards of Nursing. (2016). National guidelines for nursing delegation. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 7(1), 5-14.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(16)31035-3 NMBA code of conduct 2018.Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Search. [online] Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Search.aspx?q=code%20of%20professional%20conduct%20for%20nurses [Accessed 08 Feb. 2018]. NMBA Code of ethics 2018.Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Search. [online] Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Search.aspx?q=code+of+ethics [Accessed 08 Feb. 2018]. Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 2018.Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional standards. [online] Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx [Accessed 08 Feb. 2018]. Redley, B., Botti, M., Wood, B., Bucknall, T. (2017). Interprofessional communication supporting clinical handover in emergency departments: An observation study.Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal,20(3), 122-130. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2017.05.003 Siegman, A. W., Pope, B. (Eds.). (2016).Studies in dyadic communication. Elsevier. Sonntag, O., Plebani, M., Della, P., Jones, D., Steward-Wynne, E., Walsh, J., ... Lee, M. (2016). Effective communication in clinical handover: from research to practice (Vol. 15). Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=JJrUCwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR5dq=effective+communication+in+delegation+in+Australiaots=tsOVm1NZISsig=KxuMbFWz73J8o97JWmsl2oh91ko#v=onepageq=effective%20communication%20in%20delegation%20in%20Australiaf=false Yoon, J., Kim, M., Shin, J. (2016). Confidence in delegation and leadership of registered nurses in long?term?care hospitals.Journal of nursing management,24(5), 676-685. DOI:10.1111/jonm.1237